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Stainless Steel 316L Powder (for Laser Cladding)
Stainless Steel Powder

Stainless Steel 316L Powder (for Laser Cladding)

Chemical Composition 
Stainless steel 316L powder is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel designed for exceptional corrosion resistance. Its key chemical components and ranges are as follows:  
Chromium (Cr): 16.0–18.0% → Forms a passive oxide layer to resist oxidation and corrosion.  
Nickel (Ni): 10.0–14.0% → Stabilizes the austenitic structure, enhancing ductility and acid resistance.  
Molybdenum (Mo): 2.0–3.0% → Improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion (especially in chloride-rich environments).  
Carbon (C): ≤0.03% → Low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation, preventing intergranular corrosion.  
Manganese (Mn): ≤2.0% → Supports deoxidation and stabilizes austenitic phases.  
Silicon (Si): ≤1.0% → Enhances molten metal fluidity.  
Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S): ≤0.045% → Controlled as impurities to ensure processability.  
Iron (Fe): Balance → Base element.  

    Key Features

    The "low carbon + molybdenum" combination grants 316L superior performance in acidic, saline, and high-temperature environments compared to 304 stainless steel, making it ideal for harsh conditions.

    Applications

    Laser cladding uses high-energy lasers to metallurgically bond 316L powder to substrates, forming dense, corrosion-resistant coatings or repair layers. Key applications include:  

    Marine Engineering & Shipbuilding 
    Components: Ship valves, propeller shafts, seawater pump parts.  
    Advantages: Resists seawater corrosion and biofouling, extending equipment lifespan.  

    Petrochemical Industry  
    Components: Pipeline interiors, reactor vessels, valve sealing surfaces.  
    Advantages: Withstands corrosive media (e.g., H₂S, CO₂), preventing leaks.  

    Medical Devices  
    Components: Surgical tools, implant surface coatings.  
    Advantages: Biocompatible, corrosion-resistant to bodily fluids, and easy to sterilize.  

    Aerospace  
    Components: Engine parts, landing gear repairs.  
    Advantages: Resists oxidation and fatigue under alternating high/low temperatures.  

    Mold & Machinery Remanufacturing  
    Components: Injection molds, roller surface repairs.  
    Advantages: Restores dimensions while improving surface hardness (e.g., combined with tungsten carbide reinforcement).  

    Nuclear Energy  
    Components: Cooling system parts in nuclear reactors.  
    Advantages: Resists stress corrosion cracking in radioactive environments. 

    Powder Characteristics & Process Compatibility

    WC-20CrC-7Ni powder is agglomerated and sintered spherical particles with good fluidity, which is convenient for spraying processing, ensures coating uniformity and reduces defects during spraying.

    Physical Properties:  
    Particle size: 15–53 μm (powder-fed laser cladding) or 53–150 μm (coaxial powder feeding).  
    High sphericity: Ensures uniform flow and dense, pore-free cladding layers.  

    Process Advantages:  
      - Low heat input minimizes substrate distortion, suitable for thin-walled repairs.  
      - Clad layer hardness: ~200–250 HV, adjustable via post-heat treatment.

    Processing photos (1)

    Comparison with Other Materials

    vs. 304 Stainless Steel: 316L’s molybdenum content provides superior chloride resistance (e.g., seawater, bleach).
    vs. Nickel-Based Alloys (e.g., Inconel): Lower cost but weaker high-temperature strength; ideal for moderate-temperature corrosive environments.

    Processing photos (2)

    Summary

     Stainless steel 316L powder, with its balanced corrosion resistance, workability, and cost efficiency, is ideal for laser cladding in complex corrosive environments. It is widely used in industrial repair and surface enhancement where performance and economy must coexist.

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